Doublestrand RNA (dsRNA) is a signal for genespecific silencing of expression in a number of organisms This phenomenon was demonstrated recently in Caenorhabditis eleganswhen dsRNA was injected into the worm and the corresponding gene products disappeared from both the somatic cells of the organism as well as in its F 1 progeny (Fire et al 1998)Double stranded RNA, also known as dsRNA, usually shows up in viruses and is somewhat unusual In viruses, it is a unique characteristic, and only a small number of viral families exhibit this trait RNA hybridization happens when one RNA strand combines, or hybridizes, with either another RNA strand or a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand In a double stranded RNA form, retroviruses infect a host cell with their genome, and then are reverse transcribed into double stranded DNA, with the DNA then integrated into the home cell genome When integrated into a host genome, a retrovirus is hard to detect and can lay dormant for prolonged periods, having no discernible effect on the host
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Double stranded rna example
Double stranded rna example- When doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) corresponding to a sense and antisense sequence of an endogenous mRNA is introduced into a cell, in organisms ranging from trypanosomes to mice, the cognate mRNA is degraded and the gene is silenced (reviewed in Fire 1999;Many RNA's have a single strand — but a lot of double stranded structure That is because like proteins, many RNA's do a job, and form determines function, so that they have to have secondary structure (the double helix) and tertiary structure (th
Double Stranded Rna Recognition In Gene Silencing Pathway
Over the past decade our doublestranded RNA (dsRNA)antibodies have been used extensively to detect and characterise plant and animal viruses with dsRNA genomes or intermediates In addition, the antidsRNA antibodies can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect pathogens, including detection in paraffinembedded fixed tissue samples (Richardson et al 10) Doublestranded RNA mycovirus in Periconia circinata Article Jan 1974;Larry D Dunkle Viruslike particles (VLPs) were isolated from some pathogenic strains of the fungus Periconia circinata
Doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) ELISA kit (K1 based) Based on the use of two doublestranded RNA (dsRNA)specific monoclonal antibodies the dsRNA Detection Kit allows sensitive and selective detection of dsRNA molecules (larger than 3040 bp), independent of their nucleotide composition and sequence The detection is highly specific dsRNA can beDOUBLE STRANDED RNA AS A BIOLOGICAL ALARM SIGNAL These disclaimers in hand, the story can now start with a biography of the first main character Double stranded RNA is probably as old (or almost as old) as life on earth Scientific recognition of this form of RNA is, however, a bit more recent, dating from the mid 1950sBosher and Labouesse 00) This type of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) was
Read mapping and counting Each replicate sample was sequenced by both nonstranded and stranded RNAseq The summaries for sequencing depth, mapping, and counting are shown in Fig 3 and listed in Additional file 1 Table S1For each sequenced library, there are over 60M pairedend reads (Fig 3a) available for alignment and gene quantification Overall, aboutDoublestranded RNA is generated in the cytoplasm during replication of positivestrand RNA and DNA viruses 95 There is accumulating evidence that the TLR3–TICAM1 signaling is involved in protection against virus infectionDsRNA (doublestranded RNA) is used extensively for RNAi application in agricultural biotechnology In vitro transcription method is superior in biosafety and RNA quality compared to the in vivo transcription method RNA Greentech has developed a way to produce highquality dsRNA costeffectively
Immune Sensing Of Aeroallergen Associated Double Stranded Rna Triggers An Ifn Response And Modulates Type 2 Lung Inflammation The Journal Of Immunology
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The birth of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely associated with the presence and activation of repetitive elements in the genome The transcription of endogenous retroviruses as well as long and short interspersed elements is not only essential for evolving lncRNAs but is also a significant source of doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) RNA or ribonucleic acid is a type of nucleic acid which is made up of ribonucleotides Generally, RNA is a singlestranded molecule, unlike DNA double helix In the Baltimore classification of viruses, Group III, Group IV and Group V include RNA viruses Some viruses have an ssRNA or singlestranded RNA genomeThey are surrounded by a double icosahedral capsid, which is a twolayered spherical protein shell made up of equilateral triangular faces And they're "naked" because the capsid isn't covered by a lipid membrane They're RNA viruses with double stranded linear RNA with 10 to 12 segments
Characterization Of The Solution Complex Between The Interferon Induced Double Stranded Rna Activated Protein Kinase And Hiv I Trans Activating Region Rna Journal Of Biological Chemistry
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Product Doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) ELISA kit containing the following reagents for 500 tests (5x96 wells) • 1 vial of coating antibody (store at °C) • 1 vial of Poly(IC) dsRNA a positive control (store at °C) • 1 vial of dsRNAspecific detecting antibody (in RPMI 5% FBS, store at 4 °C or, preferably, at °C) • 1 vial of HRPconjugated F(ab')2 Fragment of goatRNA interference (RNAi) is a genesilencing mechanism by which a ribonucleoprotein complex, the RNAinduced silencing complex (RISC) and a doublestranded (ds) shortinterfering RNA (siRNADNA is double stranded, while RNA is single stranded DNA is only found inside the nucleus and RNA can travel outside of the nucleus There is one type of DNA and 3 kinds of RNA DNA has a nitrogenous base named thymine that pairs with adenine In RNA instead of Thymine it has Uracil that pairs with adenine
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Dna Structure
Doublestranded RNA is sensitive to degradation by ribonucleases, even though it is more resistant than singlestranded RNA To avoid ribonuclease contamination wear gloves, use RNasefree water for gels and buffers, wash equipment with detergent and rinse throughly with RNasefree waterIn a double stranded RNA form, retroviruses infect a host cell with their genome, and then are reverse transcribed into double stranded DNA, with the DNA then integrated into the home cell genome When integrated into a host genome, a retrovirus is hard to detect and can lay dormant for prolonged periods, having no discernible effect on the hostIn RNA interference introducing short doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) segments into the cells of nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) The dsRNA segments underwent enzymatic processing that enabled them to attach to molecules of messenger RNA (mRNA) possessing complementary nucleotide sequences
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Doublestranded RNA virus replication Related to all Doublestranded RNA viruses Location The RNA polymerases are situated at the fivefold axis of symmetry and produces mRNAs that are extruded from the particle The genomic dsRNA never enters the cytoplasm, thereby is concealed from cellular dsRNA sensors Cell defense against dsRNA Doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) is a virusencoded signature capable of triggering intracellular Riglike receptors (RLR) to activate antiviral DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar ribose The only difference between ribose and deoxyribose is that ribose has one more OH group than deoxyribose, which has H attached to the second (2') carbon in the ring DNA is a doublestranded molecule, while RNA is a singlestranded molecule
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However, to our knowledge, mitochondrial doublestranded RNA has not been previously characterized in vivo Here we describe the presence of a highly unstable native mitochondrial doublestranded RNA species at singlecell level and identify key roles for the degradosome components mitochondrial RNA helicase SUV3 and polynucleotide phosphorylase PNPase in restricting the levels of mitochondrial doublestranded RNA I will keep it very very short and simple dsRNA is very critical in regulation of gene expression at translational level In our system we have specific miRNA (micro RNA) that are somewhat complementary to a specific mRNA and miRNAmRNA binding forms a double stranded molecule that is degraded by our system at a cellular levelCatalytic proteins increase the efficiency of RNA replication and protein synthesis They also aid the formation of doublestranded RNA, which then evolved into doublestranded DNA DNA becomes the primary molecule for information storage DNA uses RNA to make proteins, which in turn help with DNA replication and transcription
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Doublestranded (ds) RNA is generated in host cells during the replication of most viruses The host innate immune system thus recognizes dsRNA as a PAMP, inducing robust immune responses that are characterized by the production of type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokinesDNA vs RNA DNA and RNA are very similar After all, RNA is supposed to be a copy of DNA However, there are a few differences between the two molecules The biggest difference is in their shape DNA is a twostranded molecule in the form of a double helix RNA, on the other hand, is a singlestranded molecule The replication of the positive sense RNA viruses occurs through the doublestranded RNA intermediate Upon infection, the polyproteins encoded for the viral replication are translated The replication of the singlestranded RNA leads to the formation of RNA duplex which in turn is transcribed into singlestranded positive genomic mRNA
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Meister G, Tuschl T (04) Mechanisms of gene silencing by doublestranded RNA Nature 431 343–349 View Article Google Scholar 12 JonesRhoades MW, Bartel DP, Bartel B (06) MicroRNAS and their regulatory roles in plants Annu Rev Plant Biol 57 19–53 View Article Doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) is RNA with two complementary strands, similar to the DNA found in all cells, but with the replacement of thymine by uracil and the adding of one oxygen atom dsRNA forms the genetic material of some viruses (doublestranded RNA viruses) Doublestranded RNA, such as viral RNA or siRNA, can trigger RNA interference in eukaryotes, as well as Less common in nature is doublestranded RNA (dsRNA), which has two strands and resembles the wellknown DNA double helix
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RNA, like DNA, can form double helices held together by the pairing of complementary bases, and such helices are ubiquitous in functional RNAs Here we apply external forces and torques to individual doublestranded RNA molecules to determine the mechanical properties and conformational transitions of these fundamental biological building blocksThe fact that most DNA encountered is doublestranded and most RNA encountered is singlestranded, just reflects the nature of the genome and translation apparatus of cellular organisms But transferRNA and ribosomalRNA (and mRNAs) have doublestranded helical portions, and there are a variety of less abundant species of RNAs with individualDouble stranded RNA control Poly(IC) is suitable for use as a size standard in dsRNA and RNAi analysis on both nondenaturing polyacrylamide and agarose gels We suggest to use it as a homogenous, wellcharacterized positive control for different dsRNA detection methods, eg for ELISA and dotblots
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a posttranscriptional gene silencing mechanism that is initiated by the presence of doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) It was first reported in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans 1 During the past 2 decades, research by academic and commercial entities on the application of RNAi technology for insect pest management Doublestranded RNA could conceivably mediate interference more generally in other nematodes, in other invertebrates, and, potentially, in vertebratesFire and Mello successfully inhibited the expression of specific genes by introducing short doublestranded RNA segments into the cells of nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) The dsRNA segments underwent enzymatic processing that enabled them to attach to molecules of messenger RNA (mRNA) possessing complementary nucleotide sequences
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Double Strand Rna Exhibits Traits Different From Single Stranded Rna
It turns out that ADARs specifically edit a molecule called doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) When viruses infect cells in animals, including humans, they make dsRNA, which the innate immune system detects as a sign that a cell has been invadedMessenger RNA (mRNA) Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a singlestranded RNA molecule that is complementary to one of the DNA strands of a gene The mRNA is an RNA version of the gene that leaves the cell nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm where proteins are made During protein synthesis, an organelle called a ribosome moves along the mRNA, reads its
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